Algebraic Reasoning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Algebraic Reasoning - Essay ExampleFor creating interest, the students will see a demonstration using two sets of cubes one set is red, the other is green. For example, if the number of red cubes on the unexpended side is 8 and the number of green cubes on the right side is 5, how much green cubes must(prenominal) be added to make it 8 and equal to the number of red cubesThe teacher will ask the students to keep open thoughtful journals on the lesson learned. This should be typewritten. The teacher will gather everything before the next lesson starts. This way, the teacher could cater feedbacks and prise how the students feel about the subject and teaching style.The main motive of this lesson is to make students simplify algebraical expressions. This is a fundamental skill. The lecture will be through within 30 minutes, so that the be time will be devoted to answering the worksheet and drill sets.For creating interest, the students shall watch a short set of how a jigsaw pu zzle looks like when unarranged. When the pieces are put together, a coherent and beautiful find appears. This will be the analogy that shall be imparted as to why algebraic expressions should be simplified.The teacher shall promptly discuss algebraic axioms and properties. Using these, he shall give simple and thorny examples of expressions that need to be simplified. ... The main motive of this lesson is to make students simplify algebraic expressions. This is a fundamental skill. The lecture will be done within 30 minutes, so that the remaining time will be devoted to answering the worksheet and exercise sets.Standards addressed and expectations of studentsKnowledge is imparted via a lecturer. Students will learn by doing. Several easy and difficult examples shall be given up, and the fundamental importance of this skill shall be emphasized. Anticipatory SetFor creating interest, the students shall watch a short cutting of how a jigsaw puzzle looks like when unarranged. When the pieces are put together, a coherent and beautiful sketch appears. This will be the analogy that shall be imparted as to why algebraic expressions should be simplified. Teaching/instructional ProcessThe teacher shall quickly discuss algebraic axioms and properties. Using these, he shall give simple and difficult examples of expressions that need to be simplified. The above shall be done in 30 minutes. After which, the students shall be given work sheets to ask. Students are free to ask questions if they encounter problems, or that the nature of a problem is beyond what the teacher has taught.Guided practice and monitoringThe teacher shall provide personalized tutoring during the work sheet activity. gag lawThe students shall reiterate the importance of keeping things simple.Independent PracticeThe teacher will ask the students to write reflective journals on the lesson learned. This should be typewritten. The teacher will gather everything before the next lesson starts. This wa y, the teacher could offer feedbacks and assess how the students feel about the subject and teaching style.The teacher will encourage the

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

globalisation - Essay ExampleMascarenhas (1982) developed a perspective of quaternary factors the multi matter organizations faces due to environmental uncertainty and focused on foreign exchange uncertainty, political uncertainty, and conflict problems. Hambrick (1982) divided the environment into four categories administrative, engineering, entrepreneurial, and regulatory, and these categories in twenty sub-categories. Several other scholars contributed to the classification in twain broad dimensions task (competitors, customers, and suppliers) and remote (political/legal, social/cultural, technological, and economic) environment (Dess & Beard, 1984 Ebrahimi, 2000). More recently, Guisinger (2001), based on prior work, proposed the geovalent redo to comprised eight mutually exclusive, exhaustive, quantifiable, and largely replicable (Guisinger, 2000 4) environmental dimensions and encapsulate some of the main features of the international tune environment. that the concept o f globalization has changed the entire environment of global business.The IMF defines globalization as the growing economic interdependency of countries landwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border transactions in goods and run and of international capital flows, and also through rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. Mitchell (2000) defines globalization as g... The world economy has been emerging as a global or transnational economy. A global or transnational economy is one which transcends the national borders unhindered by artificial restrictions like government restrictions on trade and factor movements. Globalization is a process of development of the world into a single incorporated unit. The transnational economy is different from the international economy. The international economy is characterized by the existence of the different national economies the economics relations between them being regulated by the national governments. The transnation al economy is a borderless world economy characterized by free flow of trade and factors of production across national borders. Drucker (1990) in his new realties observed that in the early or mid seventies with OPEC and president Nixons floating of the dollar bill - the world economy changed from being international to transnational.Globalization in its true sense is a sort of corporate life necessitated, facilitated and nourished by the transnationalization of world economy and developed by corporate strategies. Globalization is an attitude of mind - it is a mind - set which view the entire world as a single market so that the corporate strategy is based on the dynamics of the global business environment. International marketing or international investment does not amount to globalization unless it is the result of such(prenominal) a global orientation. Supporters and critics of a globalization alike tend to agree that globalization is nothing new. there have been always degree s of economic, political and cultural interdependency. What makes globalization an issue today is the speed at which interdependence is growing. This is partly the result of unprecedented

Current event summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

authentic event summary - Assignment ExampleAlthough it is easy to say that he is a failed attractor out-of-pocket to the current state of the world and the foreign developments that have taken place throughout the world since his preference to the position of Secretariat of the United Nations, it is however unfair to tarnish his abilityto lead based upon the diverse and self interested actions of the partipants in the process. No matter thequality of the leader, it is doubtful if they could conceive of a better job than what Bahn Ki Moon is already performing.Camila Batmanghelidjh although whiz of the most non-traditional people that this brief analysis will contend with, Camila Batmanghelidjh is genius that has effected a massively positive difference in the lives of countless disenfranchised and underprivileged children in and around the London area. As a function of her dedication, the level to which shelter and food has been available to pathway children who would othe rwise have little to no future has been drastically changed for the better. Whereas she may be well-nighwhat non-traditional and non-conformist in her appearance or particular attitude to life, she has nonetheless made a profound influence on the lives of many as a result of her tireless activism and leadership abilities.Hugo Chavez though a controversial leader that opposed the United States at nearly each and every turn, it is undeniable that Chavez demonstrated the qualities of an exceptional leader. When one researchers and understands the level of time and attention he paid to the plight of the poor and underprivileged classes within Venezuela, the activities of some of the free worlds most progressive politicians pale in comparison. Rather than analyzing Chavez from the perspective of his international relations and the odd alliances he made with Iran and the Russian Federation, it is much better to consider him from the standpoint of what he was able to do for his own peopl e as well as

Cloud database management systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cloud entropybase prudence systems - Essay ExampleCloud database management system (CDBMS) can be described as a system which delivers computing as a service. The approach enables the sharing of information and resources between various devices over a common network. While the most(prenominal) common network utilised in cloud computing remains the internet, other networks which are not internet based can also be utilised in enhancing communication between devices (Dikaiakos et al. 2009). The natural covering of the system can be undertaken through purchasing access to the system or running a system independently. The system is commonly managed and maintained through a cloud database provider.The developing of a CDBMS requires good will of divers(prenominal) factors, which commonly influence the functioning of the system. The system consists of two fundamental components which must be utile considered and analysed in the development of a system. The structural setting of a CDB MS presents a fundamental challenge to the developers in determining the database model which the developer will be utilising. The architectural design of the systems becomes determined through consideration of the data and deployment models for the system (Rochwerger et al. 2009). The fundamental development problem becomes the integration of the two basic aspects of the system, in seeking to arrest effective functioning of the system.The purpose for undertaking this study is determination of the distinct factors that must be considered during the development of a database system. These systems ensure individuals can share information and resources through the utilisation of a cloud database and different devices.The study is significant to the various software engineers involved in the development of database system using different models. The study will enable the individuals to understand the parameters of CDBMS which must be considered for effective functioning of the system

Vocabulary game Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vocabulary game - shew ExampleThe document is arranged in order of the different exercises that should be followed in sequence to plant the students for the lesson and then to take them through the lesson and finally revise the lesson. It should be kept in mind that this expression game has been designed assuming that the level of English knowledge acquired by the students in question is marginal and conduct never heard a single term that is used in the lesson. Therefore the teacher depart have to use his or her discretion when deciding which exercises are not required as the students above the assumed level.Before beginning the lesson and introducing the price that will be see to itt in unicellular and cellular it is best to introduce the concept of what is going to be look outt using life experience and twenty-four hours to day concepts. This can be done by talking to students about the single purpose and multipurpose objects such as a water kettle vs. microwave oven an d a television or DVD participant vs. a home entertainment system. This will enable the students to get an idea of what they are going to demand in the next chapter in science. Once the students have understood the concept that they are going to learn - use the human body to introduce the concept further. This will have more scientific backside and at the same sentence be something that all students understand irrespective of culture and background (Settlage, J. & Southerland, S. A., 2007). flat that the students understand the concept that they will be learning in the next chapter in their science lesson it is time to introduce some of the basic and common terms that they will be learning. These terms should be introduced with pictures or diagrams. While students may never have heard the terms before it is quite possible that they have seen the different organisms that are being introduced and this will help them to make a connection between the terms and what they already know - this will help retention and better understanding. Now that the students have made a basic connection between the common terms and diagrams it is time to let them work on their have to build and increase their understanding. Now they should be encouraged to use different resources that are available to them to learn the definitions of each of the terms that have been introduced to them. This will help give them a deeper understanding of the terms and will help them make a deeper connection with what they already know and what they are about to learn in the future. Next once the students have adequate knowledge of the terms and definitions some games can be brought in to enhance the knowledge, stimulate more interest and also to make the lesson interesting. Students can be given opportunities to fix competitive by dividing them into groups and asking them to match terms with diagrams, match terms with definitions and fill in the blanks in closed sentences that would enable furth er understanding o

PhD research proposal (Risk of investment of sovereign wealth and

PhD (Risk of coronation of supreme riches and strategies that can be used mitigate against the risks - Research Proposal ExampleReports published by OECD reveal that government-driven mergers and acquisitions reached the peak (almost 20 percent of the total international value) level immediately before the financial crisis struck the Euro zone in 2009. In the subsequent year, this value declined sharply to half. The bulk of this international investment originated in few countries, China, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and few other Asian economies. Recently, SWFs bear gained serious attention from the governments of countries around the world on the issue of risk associated with the holding of such wealth and its investment. In this authorship, the impact of such risk on the economy is studied and the ways to mitigate risks attain been discussed. Background Sovereign wealth funds are funds that are controlled by the government of a country. The government of a nation used this fund to make investments in other economies. Governments make investments in other countries by acquiring the assets located in those countries (Keefe, Fournier and Torys, 2003). The developing nations bewilder also been affected solid by the crisis. However, research shows that due to the fact that these countries are developing, harvest-tide rate of these countries are higher than the growth rate of the developed nations (Manganelli and Engle, 2001 Mehta et al., 2012). A gradual but steady shift in power is macroscopical from the West to the Eastern countries. The West is traditionally the centre of economic and financial power and the developed countries of the united States of America and European countries, until now enjoy the maximum economic power and therefore hold the highest semipolitical position in the global economy. The ongoing shift in traditional position and power from the westward developed countries to the emerging economies in the east, s uch as China, is associated with higher levels of investment of SWF (Waki, 2010 Saunders and Cornett, 2011). These investments are mostly do in the emerging market economies. Different levels of risks are associated with the SWFs depending on the pattern of investment made with these funds. Economists and policymakers have made different recommendations and suggested divert ways to mitigate such risks (Seagal, 2013). After the Euro zone crisis took place in late 2009, the issue of risks associated with sovereign wealth has been receiving greater importance (Jost, 2009 Saunders, 2013). Through further research it has been set that the emerging economies are at lower levels of growth but showing higher growth effectiveness than the developed countries (Smith, 2003). Hence investment of SWF is migrating fast towards the emerging economies. Research objective The objective of this research paper is to analyse the risk of investment of sovereign wealth and strategies that can be used mitigate these risks. The tec aims to check whether risks of investing sovereign wealth adversely affect the economic variables in a country,

Testing Required When Applying for a CE Mark for a Medical Device Essay

Testing Required When Applying for a CE Mark for a Medical Device - analyse ExampleThe use of a PE thermionic valve is used to hold the cement after sterilization per prescribed, exemplary methods contained in the standards. The cement is mixed and inserted into the tube to a level flush with the tube. The cement used in a fresh state prior to implanting is also turn uped for microbiological contamination.As the testing requires a tube to contain the cement for testing a like size rod of equal diameter and aloofness and sanitized per normal procedures will be used as the control. For long landmark testing of in bone, which is what is required in test the effects of the cement which will be used long term in actual application, selection of the species for test and control is contained in Figure 1 below implantation will be done through norm each(prenominal)y accepted surgical method including shaving the debut area and thorough antiseptic cleaning of the area and surgery to im plant should be performed to minimize whatsoever trauma to the area. After insertion sutures are used to close the site and ensure tubes do not loosen or move.After surgery observation is conducted of the test species at appropriate intervals to note and script per 3.3.4 of the standard any abnormal findings, including local, systemic and behavioural abnormalities (p. 5). At the completion of the testing period, in this incident 78 weeks the animals will be euthanized humanely in order to determine the biological response of the test area to the prolonged contact with the cement by grading and documenting the macroscopic and histopathological test responses as a function of time (p. 5) and comparing it with the control material (the rods) and the surrounding area. The examination will be facilitated by use of a low magnification lens of each test site material. After all of these results have been documented, the test and control tubes and rods and the surround tissue/bone shall

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleSome people believe the HR function can be performed by any person since traditionally the role was performed by individuals who were the know of the business. However, the business climate is dynamical and the role of HR has become more complex to be performed by any individual. Efforts such as certification are therefore being made to professionalize HRM and set about HR professionals to be taken seriously by the senior way just like an some other(prenominal) fields and be considered as the strategic partner (Price, 2007). The nature and scope of HRM are very abundant hence HR professionals perform many functions in the organization. This may warrant them to be recognized as professionals since their role is essential to the business. However, HR professionals need to demonstrate their value to the organization by showing results for them to be taken seriously. They also need to demonstrate certain qualities such as business knowledge, ability to lose policies with data, strategic thinking among others (Roehling et al. 2005). Most importantly, the managers must continue to change and align to todays complex, dynamic and fast-paced organizations if they are to grow and add value to the organization (Sims 2007, p. 28). Scope and Concept of HRM The concept of HRM has evolved everywhere time from personnel management to the current strategic human resource management. Just like other disciplines such as finance or marketing which are considered professional, HRM continues to grow and become more worthy especially as a result of globalization and other changes in the environment which require organizations to adapt to the changes and remain competitive or be pushed out of the market. For example, the growth of multinational has made the role of HR practitioners more complex as they have to piling with diversity issues (Redman & Wilkinson, 2009). Sims (2007) traces the origin of human resource management to Englan d whereby craftspeople organized into guilds to regulate employment conditions and also ensure quality. Later, the industrial revolution changed the nature of work to the manufacturing plant system where employees were supervised by a person who was not the owner of the business. The workers undertook a trade bear witness in order to join an organization and their jobs became more stable. Organizations in the 1920s began to have personnel departments to deal with employee payments, recruit workers and ensure compliance with government regulations. After World War II, there emerged new trends in personnel management with the formation of unions. The personnel managers had to deal with the unions to negotiate workers employment conditions hence the role of industrial relations emerged. According to Sims (2007), the personnel managers also undertook the role of recruiting and training women who were absorbed in the labour market. in that location was also the need to improve producti vity hence the matching of people with jobs and concern for the workers needs. It was believed that a agreeable worker was more productive. The development of theories such as Maslows hierarchy of needs led to the takings of new ways of managing people.

Folk Songs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Folk Songs - Essay grammatical caseSlaves used traditional menage songs as a way to maintain their heritage in the brass section of not being allowed to read or write. Music has long been recognized as an effective promoter of passing the oral tradition as the sound and the syntax reinforce the text (Bohlman 15) Often the phratry song is invoked to maintain a connection with something that is being lost to the past or to celebrate something contingency in the present. They often involve the emotions that surround work such as Pat Works on the Railway (Lauter). Workers would sing these work songs as a way to pass the time and effort. Gandy dancers, the men who built and maintained the railroads, had a large volume of folk music that was performed as rhythmic chants to ease their fountainhead from the grueling labor (Sloss Furnaces Presents)Folk music often is closely associated with a cultural group. As the assimilation changes with time, the folk music evolves with it. Relig ion has had a close connection with folk music, as churches would sing folk songs reflecting the groups common bond to the church. Poor whites in the south during the early 19th century would gather approximately camps and sing folk songs that told of, debt, chain gangs, and deeds of drinking prowess (Nash et al. 560). Groups that were socially outcast or politically disenfranchised would turn to folk music to maintain a common bond.

21st century medication treatments. and 1960's medication treatments Research Paper

twenty-first century medication treatments. and 1960s medication treatments - Research Paper Examplehas remained the same throughout the years, the ways of providing much(prenominal) treatment excite changed, with the breeding of more efficient ways and medication to do so. Some diseases, which were antecedently thought to be untreatable, apprise nowbemore easily treatedthanbefore, and these include somewhat mental disorders. In this paper, there shall be a comparison of the way treatments were done in the mid-sixties and how they are handled in the contemporary period. Among the areas to be discussed, include the medication that is given to patients, therapies, the various types of surgeries, and several venial treatments.In the twenty first century, there are medications for almost every checkup condition, which is known to medical practitioners. These medications are based on a long period of research, and most have been proven to represent extremely efficiently. Many of t hese medications have been designed to treat ailments and are continuously being improved to come upon the best result. However, most of the medications that are used in the twenty first century are use to medical conditions, which are currently prevalent, and rarely are medications developed to deal with diseases that are thought to have been eradicated. This is highly risky because it enables such diseases as smallpox, which was thought to have been eradicated, to form new strains, which would be close to untreatable using modern medicine. Despite this, it can still be said that contemporary medications have exceedingly improved the lives of people, and it has enabled people to lead normal lives despite some severe conditions which they might have (Hitron 243). Medications in the 1960s were not advanced, as those used in the twenty first century, becausethe technology used for their development was not advanced. However, it is during this period that research on various medica l conditions began to be conducted so that cures could be found. It can be said that the medications used in the 1960s were still in

Graduating a Specialized Institution in Pursuing Career Ambitions of Personal Statement

Graduating a Specialized Institution in Pursuing Career Ambitions of Becoming a Dentist - Personal rehearsal ExampleYour institution, owing to its outstanding capacity in facilities and academic staff, for which it is internationally recognized, is my preferred choice as I intend to gain a high level of tradeal competence. Even though umteen environmental factors have influenced my choice of the course, my immediate objective in the undergraduate program is to establish a basis for a time to come career in dentistry. This will empower me to help my father in his established private practice. I, however, can only achieve this through a competent institution worry yours. This is because my success the graduate school will determine my progress in developing a profession as well as my personal competence. Apart from my main objective of supporting and expanding my fathers practice, I aim at using my attained academic qualification and professional position to do good society as my future part-time activity. For example, I intend to share my gained knowledge, which I shall in future expansion through higher levels of education, with students in academic institutions through lecturing. It is similarly my desire to be a role model to the youth and the entire society, as I have been to my younger brother, and to encourage them to do good things. In order to achieve these goals however, I need to first develop my career to proceed an influential member of the society. I believe that I can achieve this only through your institution. I also wish to communicate my competence to do the program within the institutions schedule. This is because I have resources, in terms of finances and time, to complete the course. My academic background also guarantees my ability to complete the course due to my average grade of 3.19 out of 4.0 GAP and a score of 24 in my ACTs.

Online Vs. Classroom Instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Online Vs. Classroom Instruction - Essay ExampleAspects of the textual matter that the cause discusses that are risky are looking at two different types of being a student. Online learning can be controversial because some people may think it is not the same as earning a real degree and think the classroom requires more hands-on work. She fritters a position against online learning and uses a source to stand behind her thoughts saying that online classes keep students away from interacting with both familiar students and their professors, making it harder to work on group projects and getting support from peers and instructors.While Morgan is making this comparison, it is hard to hit the sack where she is coming from. While it states at the bottom her author biography, it does tell that she has earned a degree. It makes me curious what her training was like. Does she really know what it is like to be in both types of classrooms? Has she ever taken an online class? If she has not, thence that does not really give her any credibility behind her argument. People that stir taken classes under(a) both circumstances are the people that really can give their true prospect on which is more effective and it also depends on a persons learning style.One of the risks she takes in writing this is that her credibility is really at stake. If someone were to dig in her background on this opinion piece, it might be discovered that she only took structured classes within a classroom. However, she might also have been a student that only earned her education from a university such as University of Phoenix which is rigorously online. No one really knows who she is which makes it difficult to know how she developed her opinions.There are many factors that could detect if online education or traditional structured classroom education is best and these are some topics that the author did not necessarily address. She might be a person who is middle-aged and never had the o ption to take an online class. This

Usage of social media tools in the federal government sector in the Research Paper

Usage of social media tools in the federal government sector in the UAE - Research Paper ExampleThe researcher considers it important here to address the supposition made for growth the usage of social media chart. The domain of Social Media Usage is applicable on any federal department, which is victimisation one or every(prenominal) social media difference of opinion tools such as e-mail, RSS-feeds, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, Search facilities, feedback mechanisms etc. 2.2. cadence of Social Media Used The primary findings presented in this section represents the number of social media tools that each of the 48 federal departments argon using to engage with the general public. From the analysis of the findings, it is found that Facebook and Twitter ar the most normal and widely used social media engagement tools utilized by federal departments. On the other hand, Blogger is the least(prenominal) preferred social media engagement tool used by the federal depart ments of the UAE. The other social media engagement tools that are used by these federal department are YouTube, official website, live chat options, 24/7 feedback mechanism, Instagram, electronic e-mailing systems, RSS-feeds, LinkedIn etc. 2.3. Active/non-Active UsersThis section of the research report presents the level of activities carried out on the social networking profiles of the federal department and the status of social networking profiles in terms of active or non-active users. ... The assumption that the researcher has made while formulating the findings of this section is that, any federal department having more than 1,000 users on all of its social networking profiles are eligible to be marked in this section. It has been found that the majority of the federal Departments are active users of social networking tools and engage crowd into the conversation and promotional activities. Only Zakat Fund, The National Council for Tourism and Antiquates, loss Crescent UAE, National transport Authority, Department of Energy, Department of Cabinet Affairs, Insurance Authority and Emirates Post conference are either non-active users of social networking tools or have less followership in terms of engaging masses into conversations and promotional activities. 2.4. Value Addition Strategy This section of the findings presents the value addition strategies and tools used by Federal Departments of UAE to keep the interest of people on these social networking tools high. From the analysis, it has been found that the social networking tools maximize the value of conference carried out by the federal departments with the general public. The value addition strategies focuses on providing general public with updated data about the functions and activities of the federal departments, public service messages, visual and photo projection of events, achievements and awards won for performance excellency, straighten out releases and future projects and plans of th e respective federal departments. The best features that are found on the social networking profiles of all departments are search facility, feedback mechanisms and ability of the website to show

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection paper - Essay ExampleI strolled, as it were, and encountered the ruined columns and pillars, and among the sepulchers, and felt around my way into the burial dimness of the tombs, and discovered no route orgasm out from them. The terminal curse of Rome stems from the messages it unrelentingly presents between outer and inner sceneries. It is a urban center where the subjective and hidden gets seriously transformed into the historical and obvious, where the sightseers observe in the rubbles the many of lost holes that symmetricalness defeated in Romes earth. I do not really know how to describe, in any harmonious and friendly way, the Rome that exists now its dark pathways, and avenues of palazzos its cathedrals, surrounded with the exquisite stones or marble that were initially refined for the decoration of pagan sanctuaries its hosts of wicked scents, combined with the aroma of many a deoxyguanosine monophosphate incenses its modest life, gaining meager energy from w hat has been gone long time ago.

DB #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DB 4 - Essay deterrent exampleBy talking about how he conducted his field by taking care of the sick and terminally ill patients, Christakis uses the rhetoric proof of Pathos to persuade and inform his audience (TED). His storytelling of how he begun to conduct his study evokes emotion among his audience. Christakis employs the rhetoric proof of logos in manoeuvering how people become embedded in threatening social networks. He uses slides to present a logical appeal of how clusters develop to form dense social networks. He also employs mathematical reasoning to present data to his audience and thus fashioning a further logical appeal to them.Christakis makes a valid argument on the hidden form of social networks. He argues that social networks help to define individuals health, happiness, and overall life goals. He presents his argument on the basis of a scientific research, which he conducted and this makes his argument to tick. He shows how social networks develop and how th ey get to mold different individuals dependent on their location in the network. His exploration of large-scale and face-face social networks, is able to show the impacts of social networks on a wide variety of traits such as obesity and happiness on peoples lives (TED). Simply put, he affirms the thought show me you friends, and I will tell you your

Professional Development Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Professional Development clause - Essay Exampleudit, this externally-driven auditing system looks at total enterprise judge related to the sales volumes of high-profiting pharmaceutic companies and measures their process and product innovations based on how the auditing committee believes each firm should be molding their integrated strategies.Contained in the article are many pharmaceutical companies and their profitability achieved for 2007-2008, their innovation focus, accounting, and how each firm has positioned itself for proceeds or loss in the face of how each firm chooses to market its products or its research and development efforts. The fundamental purpose of the Pharma Industry Audit is to ask the question, Do you create shareholder value (with your strategies and tactics) or do you destroy it? (Trombetta, 55). The Pharma Industry audit is much more unique than another(prenominal) well-known, independent auditing firms as it deals with much more than simple accounti ng issues and financial numbers.The critical issue in this article is that many companies are not addressing the macroeconomic factors that cause potential problems for producing shareholder value, therefore they are using improper business strategy and require the need of external auditing to help them see the larger picture in terms of strategic philosophy. Some of these companies, essentially, fail to view how their markets perceive their performance and end these macroeconomic factors in favor of their own business strategy, which can strip shareholders of return on investment. vital Factor 1 The current global recession tends to cloud long-term business strategy when pharmaceutical companies either hold onto their existing business strategies or fail to generate better strategic concepts to meliorate shareholder value. These are the macroeconomic factors that strongly influence whether pharmaceutical companies are maximizing their market social movement either through fail ure to diversify their holdings or improve their research and

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Essay Example for Free

Continental social faeces and Plate Tectonics EssayIntroduction The inauguration of the Continental Drift theory In the middle of the eighteenth deoxycytidine monophosphate, James Hutton proposed a scheme, uniformitarianism the present is the severalize to the past. It held that processes such(prenominal)(prenominal) as geologic forces- gradual and catastrophic-occurring in the present were the same that operated in the past. (Matt Rosenberg, 2004) This theory coincides with the theory of Continental Drift that was first proposed by Abraham Ortelius in December 1596, who intimateed that North, southward America, Africa and Eurasia were at once machine-accessible but had been torn apart by earthquakes and floods. He also discovered that the coasts of the eastern part of atomic number 16 America and the western coasts of Africa fit together like a jigsaw puzzle and this fit becomes in particular prominent as the edges of the Continental shelves have similar shapes and consequently, appear to be once fitted together. (Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2) The coincidence of southern continents geological formations had led Roberto Mantovani to speculate that all continents had once been a supercontinent and was small in its ledger than it is now. Through volcanic activity, fissures ar readyd in the rancor causation this continent to commotion apart. However, this theory, known as the Expanding primer coat Theory has since been proven incorrect.The Theory of Continental DriftIn 1912, The Theory of Continental Drift was intensively developed by Alfred Wegener, who claimed that the world was made up of a single gigantic supercontinent named Pangea since the Permian period, 250 meg eld ago. It began forming at the obtainning of the Carboniferous period, 365 million eld ago, when Gondwana collided into Laurussia producing the Appalachian mountain belt in eastern North America and closing in Paleo-Tethys ocean and modern landmass became exposed to a ir. horse parsley Du Toit then suggested that 145-200 million years ago, in the middle Jurassic Period, Pangea started breaking up into twain smaller supercontinents, Laurasia in the northern hemisphere and Gondwana in the southern hemisphere, with Tethys Sea and North Atlantic Ocean separating the two supercontinents.The late Jurassic era began the formation of the Rocky mise en sceneains and Sierra Nevada mountains. In the Cretaceous Period, 65 million years ago, the two supercontinents then began fragmenting into the present seven continents. (USGS, 2012) The Tethys Sea that lay surrounded by the two landmasses was subducted to a lower place Eurasia, forming the lower Atlantic Ocean. Eventually, it disappeared. (Nelson Thomas, 2007) (Figure 2) Wegener proposed that continents were moving at about one yard per century and supported this theory with several points of certainty.Evidence supporting the Theory of Continental Drift (Alfred Wegener and Du Toit) Alfred Wegener match ed up coastlines, and he realized that by fitting the continental shelves together, cratons create a contiguous pattern across the sharpness of reciprocal ohm America and Africa. (Lois van Wagner, 2013) He realized that mountain ranges that ended at one coastline seemed to begin again on an early(a) such as ancient mountains in conspiracy Africa that align with the mountains in near Buenos Aires in Argentina. (Sant, Joseph, 2012) He discovered earthworms of the family Megascolecina, who are unlikely to be long-distance migrators, were nethercoat in soils of all the Gondwanaland continents. (kangarooistan, 2009) This identical species could not have arisen on different continents without some variations. (WiseGeek, 2010) Fossil remains of a prehistoric reptile known as the Mesosaurus had been uncovered on both sides of the southmost Atlantic coasts, still the creature was unable to swim across the Atlantic Ocean. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013) Fossils of the land reptile, Lystrosaur us were discovered in South America, Africa and Antarctica. (Sant, Joseph, 2012).He also discovered the fossil plant Glossopteris was distributed throughout India, South America, Southern Africa, Australia and Antarctica. (USGS, 2012)(Figure 3) Alexander Du Toit travelled to Brazil and Argentina where he pitch similarities in the fossils and rock strata to those found in South Africa such as the fossilized remains of Mesosaurus in fresh water deposits, dune deposits capped by basalt flows, tillite and sear beds. Similar layers of rock were formed in Antarctica, Australia, South America, Africa and India. (Figure 4) Wide dispel distribution of Permo-Carboniferous glacial sediments in South America, Africa, Madagascar, Arabia, India, Antarctica and Australia and striations that indicated glacial flow away from the equator and towards the poles were discovered and supported the theory of Continental Drift which proposed that southern continents were once located over the South Pole r egion and covered by ice sheets. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013) (Figure 4)He also discovered a base layer of shale scratched by glaciers and covered by layers of tillite in South Africa, a continent of a tropical equatorial climate. Tillites and varves dating back to 2 billion years ago, were found in Canada and India, indicating glaciation on a worldwide scale. Such tillites were found on all major(ip) continents except Antarctica, which has been the most extensive glacial continent in earths history. (kangarooistan, 2009) Additionally, fossils of tropical plants in the form of coal deposits were found in Antarctica which implies that Antarctica had to be closer to the Equator. (USGS, 2012) This study of changes in climate interpreted on the scale of the entire history of Earth is known as paleoclimatology. Sediments of rifting have proved the vagrant apart of Pangea.The rifting that formed the South Atlantic Ocean began late in the Mesozoic Period when Africa and South America began to pull apart. Water from the south then flowed in over conviction, thus forming the evaporites now found on the coastlines there. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013)(Figure 5) However, Wegener believed that only the continents were moving and they plowed through the rocks of the ocean basins. (Colliers Encyclopedia, 1996) Harold Jeffreys then argued that it is impossible for continents to break through solid rock without breaking apart. (USGS, 2012) Wegener also claimed that the centrifugal force of the spinning planet had laboured the continents sideways, parallel to the equator tidal pull from the sun and moon had caused lateral move. (Sant, Joseph, 2012) His orders of magnitude were too weak. Thus, his theory was dismissed. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013) Further development and support of the Continental Drift Theory in the 1960s After military personnel War 2, the U.S. Office of Naval Research intensified efforts in ocean-floor mapping, leading to the discovery of the Mid-Atlantic extend to be part of a continous system of mid-oceanic ridges on all ocean floors, prompting Harry H. Hess to suggest the theory of sea-floor spreading.The oldest fossils found in ocean sediments were only 180 million years old and midget sediment were accumulated on the ocean floor. Thus, he suggested that seafloors were no more than a hardly a(prenominal) ascorbic acid million years old, significantly younger than continental land due to hot magma rising from volcanically active mid-oceanic ridges, spreading sideways, cooling on the seafloors surface due to cooler temperatures of the sea, solidifying to create new(a) seafloor, thereby pushing the tectonic scale of measurements apart. (Edmond A. Mathez, 2000) The realization that the shape of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Atlantic rim are strikingly similar substantiated the claim that the continents had been joined together at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) (Figure 6)The cause of the continental drift that Wegener was unable to explain had been further researched on by Arthur Holmes who claimed that the movement of continents was the result of convection currents driven by the thermal convection in the heat of the interior of the Earth, namely the mantle. The heat source of the mantle comes from radioactivity break up in the core. (Figure 7) At constructive plate boundaries, molten basalt flows out on either side of the ridge and cools with the iron particles in the basalt aligning with the earths magnetised field which reverses direction every few hundred thousand years. (Lois Van Wagner, 2013) Due to magma cooling, the polarity of rocks provide be recorded at the time it was formed. (Figure 8.1)In 1950, researchers of paleomagnetism discovered that there were alternating regions of normal and reversed magnetic directions symmetrically disposed on both sides of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge magnetic stripping. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) Harry H. Hess theory was thus proven by the magnetic anomalies in t he oceanic crust. (Nelson Thomas, 2007) (Figure 8.2) It was also discovered that the youngest rocks were closest to the mid-oceanic Ridge and the oldest rocks were near the coasts of the continents. When scientists began collecting magnetic entropy for North America and Europe, they discovered the north pole seemed to be moving about over time. (ALLA, 2009) However, when information from other continents was collected for the same time frames, it showed different polar locations, thus supporting that continents were moving about.The Theory of Plate TectonicsThe theory of plate tectonics held that the Earths lithosphere, the Earths crust and the uppermost mantle, is broken into seven macro-plates and about twelve smaller ones, averaging 50 miles in width. (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 2007) any plate may consist of both oceanic crust and continental crust. (Colliers Encyclopedia, 1996) (Figure 9) It suggests that the ocean floor began to spread at constructive pl ate boundaries, and continents, existing on plates, moved due to convection currents in the mantle and invariant sea-floor spreading. (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011). They drag and move plates higher up them due to rising magma spreading out beneath the earths crust. As two oceanic plates move apart, magma from the underlying asthenosphere mantle wells up from oceanic ridges and becomes rigid enough to join the lithosphere of the plates on either side of the plate boundary, creating new seafloor and eventually, an ocean is opened up. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) (Figure 10) Examples are the Atlantic Ocean formed between South America and Africa. recent rock is created by volcanism at mid-oceanic ridges and returned to the Earths mantle at oceanic trenches where the denser plate is subducted under the other, forcing the earths crust back into the mantle. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 1996) This process is known as the ridge push and slab-pull. (Figure 11) contrastive plate tectonics mov ement and subsequent tectonic activities Transform plate movement causing earthquakes seismal waves disrupting the continents in the form of earthquakes are due to the great amount of stress and energy built up by the friction of the moving plates, especially during transform plate movement, where plates slide past each other in a grinding, shearing manner and form tear faults (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011). (Figure 12.1) There is gradual warp of rocks before the ductile limit of rocks is exceeded, causing the plates to lock and the fault to break, leading to sudden release of stored energy, causing earthquakes. (Nelson Thomas, 2007)An example is the strike-slip fault, San Andreas Fault in California. (Figure 12.2) (WiseGeek, 2010) Oceanic and Oceanic convergent plate movement Other evidence of plate tectonics movement are most of the worlds active volcanoes located on or near the boundaries between shifting plates known as plate-boundary volcanoes. (J. Tuzo Wilson, 199 6) When two oceanic plates collided, the denser plate will subduct under the other, forming a deep oceanic trench and form magma through hydration or decompression melting. The magma beingness less dense than the surrounding mantle, rises and escapes to the sea-floor through cracks in the earths crust, forming submarine volcanoes that rise above water to form a kitchen range of volcanic islands known as island arcs, such as the lacquer Islands. (Figure 13) Examples would be the Pacific Plate subducting underneath the North American Plate creating the Kuril ditch and the Japan Trench that can be found along the Pacific family of Fire.Many volcanoes such as Mount St. Helens, Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Pinatubo in the Phillipines are located along the margin of the Pacific Ocean Basin where boundaries of several plates such as the Nazca and the Cocos Plate are found, forming the Ring of Fire. (Fraser Cain, 2009) (Figure 14) Volcanoes formed not due to tectonic activities 5 per cent of the worlds volcanoes are formed at isolated hot heads and many intra-plate volcanoes form roughly linear chains along the middle of oceanic plates. (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011)Examples are the Yellowstone National park and Hawaiian Islands, an intra-plate volcanic chain developed by the Pacific plate passing over a deep, stationary hot spot, located 60 km beneath the present-day position of the Island of Hawaii. Heat from this hotspot produced a uniform source of basaltic magma by partly melting the overriding Pacific Plate.This magma rises through the mantle to wear onto the seafloor, forming an active seamount. Over time, countless eruptions caused the seamount to grow until it finally emerges above sea level to form island volcanoes. The chronic plate movement eventually carries the island volcano away from the hotspot, cutting it off from the hot spot and creating another(prenominal) island volcano. This cycle is repeated, forming the Hawaiian Islands . (U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 2007) (Figure 15) Continental and Continental convergent plate movement Continental turn mountain ranges are evidence of two continental plates that are thick and buoyant thus, preventing both plates from subducting. Instead, the two plates collide into each other forming fold mountain ranges in a process known as orogenesis.An example is the high elevation of the Tibetan plateau, fringed to the south by the Himalayas as the edges of the Indian and Eurasia plate buckle, uplift, fold and deform. Mt. Everest is the highest summit on Earth, yet Yellowband limestone that was originally part of the shallow seals of the Tethys Ocean was found on Mount Everest at a height of 8462m. (Figure 16) Oceanic and Continental convergent plate movement Mountains are formed when oceanic crust is subducted under a continental crust, resulting in melting of rock, thus volcanic activity and causing the continental crust to deform, rise and buckle upwards under compressional forces.Examples are the Andes Mountain, the Chile-Peru Trench and the uplift of the Rockies and Appalachians in the past. (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2007) The Table Mountains was formed approximately 250 million years ago, due to the Pacific plate subducting under the North American plate, (Mary Ann Resendes, 2012) thus creating the Sierra Nevada foothills, subsequently creating the blanket of Good Hope as the ocean erodes the soft sandstone of Table Mountains on the coast. (National Geographic, 1996)Other tectonic activities such as the Wadati-Benioff zones, that are earthquake zones parallel to oceanic trenches are also formed at such subduction zones and inclined from 40 to 60 degrees from the horizontal, extending several hundred kilometres into the mantle. (Figure 17) Continental and Continental divergent plate movement When two continental crusts are pulled apart due to tensional forces, the area sinks and forms a rift valley and sea such as the East African Rift valley and the Red Sea that runs from the Jordan Valley and into East Africa, already dotted with volcanoes such as Hermon. This is due to the area being stretched, causing the crustal significant to thin, weaken and sink due to lowered density. (Figure 18)IsostasyAlso, isostasy takes place wherever a large amount of angle such as the fold mountain ranges created from plate tectonics movements is formed or glaciers, pushes down the Earths crust and creates a small dent. Isostasy also takes place at divergent plate boundaries when a large amount of weight is removed from an area, causing that portion of the Earths crust to rise. Therefore, vestibular sense in the earths crust is achieved such that forces elevating landmasses balances those tending to depress landmasses. (Learning Network, 1998) (Figure 19)

The Ideal Old Man Essay Example for Free

The Ideal Old earth EssayThe initial reason for designing and constructing the Maglev vehicles was to create a machine that could both agree a high number of people in a quick amount of time, and be the ab come aside cost efficient. Unfortunately for me, a high number of people would not be able to extort into my railroad railroad car. A slow, yet steady and comfortable pace made it quite obvious that my car was not in the upper echelon of the class. Instead however, it open up its own identity as being ideal for an emeritus man. Freedom rides through the countryside would be this cars specialty.In preparation for our upcoming project, we first watched a video on modern day Maglev vehicles. In the video we learned around the theories of magnets and electricity working together to form a high-speed vehicle. We learned about the futuristic possibilities of traveling from New York to Washington (without spilling your coffee) in relatively short time. The main purpose o f a Maglev vehicle is for mass transportation in a quick amount of time. After we were introduced to the Maglev vehicle in the video, we proceeded to the computer lab to peruse the Internet.On the Internet, we found a variety of current Maglev vehicles. We got to check out the various speeds and performances that these position vehicles had. In the making are nigh more elite types of Maglev vehicles. Perhaps someday in the near future, there will be a Maglev line running through our precise own town. It was now time to plan out a strategy on the design of my car. The very(prenominal) first thing I sketched out was how wide the compensate was. A car any wider than the track would obviously not be able to run. Also, the magnets had to be a little more than an inch stranded apart or else the magnets would not gamingction properly.My completed sketch was a relatively small car that would be able to fit approximately 7-10 passengers at a time. One travel was supposed to balance on the top of the rear end and act as a propeller. Once my advisor canonic my sketch, I looked for the proper materials in making my vehicle. The first thing I found was the material for my body. A light Styrofoam material was perfect for the design of my car. I cut out the proper design and as well placed a shield of protection on it. Once the basic body was established, I found a base made of a hard light plastic.The plastic was easy to cut so that the contours of my base would match that of the car. Once I had my body and my base all set, I needed to lay down the ingredient that makes it all happen, the magnets. You could not just plug the magnets on the base in any categorization of arrangement that you want. The magnets have to be placed on in rows approximately atomic number 53 inch apart. Also, the magnets (once they are placed on) must repel the force given off of the track so that the Maglev vehicle can float. After the magnets were carefully put on, it was time to in stall the motor system.The motor system consisted of one motor, two wires, and a propeller. The two wires would touch the side of the Maglev track and generate power internal the motor, which would turn the propeller. Once my motor system was installed, I was ready to test out my product on the track. Something was wrong. Placing my vehicle on the track was no different than trying to drive a car man it is elevated, the motor was humming but it wasnt moving an inch. Upon observation, I concluded that my car had too a great deal freight pushing down on the magnetic track.The one thing I could do was to hollow out the insides of the Styrofoam, which would reduce much of the weight. Well, that didnt do too much. So I continued to chop away at the body of my car. Each crucial chop eliminated the passenger rate of my vehicle. Eventually the weight balanced out when my vehicle totaled the passenger rate of 1. 5. Saddened by the loss of passenger space, I was happy to collar that my v ehicle could at least move. My vehicle was now completed. All it needed was a purple dyed body, and a beautiful purple baseball No. 4 for good luck.A cheap car to build, it only cost a shade over $57 million ($50 million going into labor). Measurements concluded that a mere 1. 5 passengers could jam into my cars tight surroundings. With the knowledge of my car being a one man wrecking crew I tested it on the track to see how much speed my puppy could burn. Once the results came in, it was time to label my Maglev car ideal for the old man. A respectable average speed of 4. 75, my car will not pass the board of transportations expectations. However, if the time comes for ain Maglev use in the future, people can come to either me or Q.Some arguing was brought up in aspects to the motor. A more efficient gold motor was placed on some of the other vehicles, and showed that they performed at a higher speed. Would my car have broken record speeds with this gold motor? Although my car w ould not have passed the expectations of the Maglev transportation theories, I did learn a lot about how electricity and magnets can work together. I learned that the Maglev is a mode of transportation for the future. A low (if not zero) pollution percentage, a Maglev would be ideal to the ozone.I found it fearful how the vehicles actually float down the track. The main problem for me was the weight factor. For some reason, I wasnt able to keep a space wide enough to fit any more than two passengers. Speculation could pull up stakes to bad magnet placement on the bottom. If I could do it again, I would design a car that distributes the weight more evenly throughout the base so I could fit more passengers. I would also look into purchasing the gold motor for higher velocity. I thought it was a fun project and I recommend it to future generations of classes.

Pre-Columbian History of the Caribbean Indigenous People Essay Example for Free

Pre-Columbian History of the Caribbean Indigenous batch EssayBoth indigenous groups, Tainos and Siboneys migrated to the Caribbean neck of the woods. The first indigenous group to migrate to the Caribbean was the Siboneys. Although their origin has been debated, the common lore is that they came from either the southern top of modern mean solar day Florida or Mexico. It is estimated that around 500 B. C. they settled in the Greater Antilles region of the Caribbean. This region includes the Bahamas, Cuba and Jamaica. The Taino migration occurred approximately around the same time as the Siboneys.Their migration started from the South American main overturn, most notably the area between Venezuela and Colombia to the area known as the Lesser Antilles of the Caribbean. This area include islands such as Trinidad and the Virgin Islands. The Taino utilized canoes to travel between each island during their migration. The canoes were made out of shoetree trunks and measured approx imately 25 meters in length. Each canoe had a travel qualification of approximately 50 people. The main reason for the Taino migration was increased agitation and threats from the Carib indigenous people from the same region in South America.The Caribs were fierce in the their pursuit of the Taino and followed them up into the Lesser Antilles. Culturally, both the Taino and Siboney differed greatly. The Siboneys communed in smaller societies. Some would argue that they were ethnically unsophisticated. They did not make any complex tools, just wood, stone and shells. The Siboneys besides settled by the riverside since they did not practice any form of agriculture. Their diet consisted of advantageously attainable animals such as fish and reptiles. They too ate wild fruits that were native to the islands.Conversely, the Taino were more march on than their northern neighbor the Siboneys. The Taino had a complex society that consisted of settlements of as much as 500 inhabitants. They also contained a social structure for each settlement that consisted of a chief known as a cacique, a tier of elders who represented various families of each settlement, women and children. The Taino designated tasks to its members according to their position. Men cleared uninhabited areas of land and fished. Women were in charge of crop cultivation and child rearing.Unlike the Siboneys, the Taino mastered the art of farming. They farmed various crops such as yucca, guava and sweet potatoes. They also hunted various small game around the islands. The Taino also mastered clay pottery. Lastly, the Taino exercised their religious beliefs regularly. They believed in Gods that they called Zemis. The Caiciques job was to carry out religious ceremonies by nasally ingesting a hallucinogenic mixture of tobacco and crushed sea shells through a prospicient pipe called a cohoba. This snuff allowed the caciques to communicate with their Gods.Unlike the Siboneys, the Taino were a highly adva nced society. They played a sophisticated team game called Batey. This game can be considered as the precursor to modern day soccer. Specially designed ball courts were created for Batey. In addition, The Taino also created jewelry and ornaments in which both men and women wore to Festivals and new(prenominal) celebratory events. In conclusion, the Taino and Siboney indigenous people both migrated to the Caribbean region. They both make up the genealogical and cultural starting point for all individuals who hail from the Caribbean region.

Primary School and Typical Young Kid Essay Example for Free

Primary School and Typical Young Kid EssayI can remember one stillt in my grade school days that I did non like. You could say it being one of my worst days of my life. I was in the fifth grade, in a school in Clovis, NM. This school believed in paddling if you got in trouble. The instructor I had, acted like he cognise to enforce this rule. He would tell us, every time we acted surface, that he was going to paddle us as he waved his paddle in the air. We were told to do homework for the weekend and to bring it back on the following(a) Monday. I didnt want to do this long homework assignment, I precious to go shape with my friends and play video games. I was a typical young kid I just wanted to have fun. That whole weekend I did not touch that assignment. I dont even think I took my homework out from my backpack.The Moring of that Monday I completely forgot about my homework. When I got to school and sit down at my desk, the teacher asked Who did their homework? Most of th e coterie raised their hands I was not one of them. The teacher told for the ones that did not do their work have to stay in for recess and cobblers last it. That just made me mad I wasnt allowed to go play with my friends. When recess time came and when my friends went out to play, I just stared out the window and refused to do my work.About the time recess was over and the class was coming in, the teacher walked in and told us to bring our work to his desk in front of the class. There was tho cardinal of use that gave him a blank assignment. He didnt take that to well, as he grabbed two papers and directed us to follow him to the office. At the office he looked up for our parents numbers from the school records. When he called my step mom and told her what I did he asked if it was ok to discipline me, if he couldnt do it than she was to come and do it herself. He hanged up the phone with only the word Ok and then he took both of us out in the hall and paddled us both with two swings each across our bottoms.I did not like that school day, I never saw that teacher the same way after that incident. It made me be aware of my actions. From that day I made sealed I did all my work. I didnt want to get paddle again. It was a very furious way to punish but it was a very infected to make the kids listen.

Development in Moroccan Economy Essay Example for Free

Development in Moroc wad Economy EssayEconomic purlieu Development of the Moroccan Economy The Moroccan economy is known for its macro economical stability. Inflation orders buzz off always been relatively low, mainly due to the countrys restrictive currency regime. Morocco has been characterised by naturalise to high induceth marks. The country has benefited from its low labour cost and st enumerategic location near the European mainland. Morocco has experienced a voicelesser growth than usual since the year 2000, caused by improved weather conditions, a strong export growth and various liberalizing policies. These liberalizing policies have been introduced by King Mohammed VI in 2003. He came up with a number of economic reforms resulting in a growth of the sm any modern manufacturing sector and the festering of the tourism industry. He has put his main focus on the European Union since the desolate mete out Agreement in the year 2000. Moroccos Gross Domestic Product (gross domestic product) has steadily gone up since 2002. According to statistics of Datamonitor 360 the GDP in 2002 was about 40 billion dollar, in 2010 the GDP had grown to round 60 billion dollar. That is a rise of 50% in only eight years time.The terra firma Factbook from the CIA mentions that in 2010 Morocco ranked number 58 in the dry land when it coiffures to the GDP. The real GDP growth rate has not been prejudicial since 2002. In 2010 Morocco ranked number 77 in the world of real GDP growth. The lowest growth rate was about 2,5% in 2005 and 2007 and peeked with 7,5% in 2006. This could have possibly been caused by the Free craftiness Agreement with the United States of America, which was introduced in 2006. I will further explain the results of the Free Trade Agreement with the EU and the USA later on in this chapter.The three main sectors industry, service and agriculture, all grew steadily the past ten years. In 2009 the service sector was the voluminousgest sector and contributed 49,4% to the GDP, the industry sector came fleck with 31,3% followed by the agriculture with 19,2%. Morocco has a profitable industry sector, mainly because of its large amounts of phosphate. Tourism plays a big role in the service sector. The tourism industry has remained vibrant despite the Casablanca bombings in 2003 and 2007. Moroccos contrary look at has also been increasing steadily, with only a slight decrease in 2009.However, the total impertinent trade palliate grew from 25,7 billion dollars in 2002 to 77,6 billion dollars in 2009. This is a growth of 51,9 billion dollars, which is a growth percentage of approximately 202%. Even though Moroccos economy has been doing well the past decade, the unemployment rate is still relatively high. During the period from 2002 to 2008 the unemployment rate was at least 11%. In 2007 a low decrease of unemployment of 300 thousand took place, still leaving 1,1 million people unemployed. By the repeal of 2008 the une mployment rate was 9,6%.In 2009 a total of 93,000 new jobs got created resulting in a decrease to 9,1% by the end of 2009. We can conclude that the boilersuit Moroccan economy has shown a fairly good development, but there is still a lot more to improve. The government has been working on new reforms that should lead to better problem conditions in the country. International Financial Crisis Morocco together with Algeria and Tunisia has been one of the least affected countries by the international financial crisis. The international financial crisis started with the credit entry crunch in the US.Morocco has not been affected by this so-called credit crunch, because Morocco does not have the kind of credit that caused the American credit crunch. Besides this Morocco had minimal exposure to foreign assets. Morocco did however get affected by the international financial crisis as soon as it remove Europe. The Western European crisis resulted in diminishing growth rates. The crisis in Europe did not only black down Moroccan export rates, but also the tourism industry. As European unemployment rates increased, galore(postnominal) Moroccans working abroad lost their jobs, cause a decline in remittances.Morocco has been able to keep the negative effects of the international financial crisis to a minimum due to its good macroeconomic policy, an open economy, receptive trade policies and several investment opportunities with emerging countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa. Because of the effects the financial crisis has had in Europe and the US, Gulf investors are expected to invest in African countries and the affectionateness East. At the end of 2008 Gulf investors announced a 1,7 billion US dollar investment in real farming in Morocco.These investments and planned reforms will make sure the Moroccan economy will continue to grow in the future. Effects FTA US and EU Moroccos economy has largely benefited from the put out trade agreements it has do wi th the European Union and the United States. In 1996 Morocco signed an association agreement with the European Union. The association became strong on March 1, 2000. The free trade agreement with the EU is mainly applied on industrial products and hardly any agricultural products. The objective is to have completely free trade between Morocco and the EU by 2012.In 2010 the EU proposed a new trade deal with Morocco to include duty-free trade in agricultural, food and fisheries products. On June 15, 2004 Morocco also signed a free trade agreement with the USA, which became effectual on January 1, 2006. For America this was the second Arab-US free trade agreement and the first African-US free trade agreement. During a boob tube of the Moroccan American Trade and Investment Council the counsellor to King Mohammed VI for financial and economic affairs says about the FTA with the US We want to put Morocco as a platform for business with Europe, with the US, with Asia, China, Africa, Mi ddle East.It was part of a global vision of Morocco. Mr. Hassan, the president of the Moroccan Business Association says during the same video The Morocco US free trade agreement is a great opportunity for the Moroccan economy. Due to the free trade agreements many American and European businesses have opened establishments in Morocco. These businesses have employed thousands of Moroccans causing a decline in the unemployment rate of the country. Both free trade agreements have been a bulky step in the right direction for Morocco.The country still has a lot of poverty and unemployment often more is needed to solve the countrys issues. However, the country is one of the or so stable African and Arab nations. Current Economic System Morocco has a relatively liberal market economy regulated by supply and demand. From 1993 onwards there has been a policy of privatization. The heritage foundation, a research and educational institution, has come up with an index of economic freedom . This index makes it possible to measure the economic freedom in countries almost the world.The world average score on the index of 2011 is 59. 7 out of 100 points. Moroccos overall score is 59. 6, only a tenth point under the world average. Morocco is the 93rd country on the 2011 world rank of economic freedom. The regional average of the Middle East and North Africa is 60. 6, which makes Morocco the 10th country on the list of 17 regional countries. The overall score is determined by ten economic freedoms. In figure below the ranking of all ten separate economic freedoms of Morocco compared to the world average is shown.The most important economic freedom for this specific country report is business freedom. The business freedom represents the procedures for lay up and registering a private enterprise and the possibilities of private investment and production. In figure you can distinctly see the Moroccan business freedom compared to the Dutch business freedom. King Mohammed VI has come up with many economic and non-economic reforms over the years. The two largest current reforms are the Plan Maroc Vert (Green Plan) and the Plan effect.

Comparative Education Essay Example for Free

Comparative noesis EssayFrance has a highly organized preparational system, which is divided into primary, alternate and tertiary (college) education. Primary and secondary education is usually im take leaveed at public schools although a strong net make water of private schools as well exists. individually(prenominal) educational programs in France are regulated by the Ministry of National raising. Schooling in France is mandatory as of age 6, the first year of primary school while secondary education consists of college for the first quadruplet long time after primary school and the lycee for the next collar years. The baccalaureat is the end-of-lycee diploma that students must give away and is compar sufficient to British A-Levels and Ameri give the axe SATs. Students take in a choice of sitting for the baccalaureat general which is divided into 3 streams of study, the baccalaureat technologique or baccalaureat professionnel. Higher education is funded by the stat e and fees are very low. Students from low-income families female genital organ also generate for scholarships.Academic councils called academies are responsible for supervising all aspects of University education in a disposed(p) region. ANALYSING technology EDUCATION THROUGH THE CURRICULAR maturation AND THE INVESTIGATION THEMES France Twenty years ago, almost(prenominal) of them started with this clean conceit introducing technology education (TE) in our assort. From this point, we civiliseed many vomit up implementing this new subject area and we shape progressively pregnant to this area.The aim of this paper is to present this evolution from the French viewpoint with some bear on to compare with foreign experiences. We present this evolution through two vistas the curricular evolution and the place ofinvestigation. Briefly, we piece of ass observe through the French national platform a level of Epistemo system of logical delimitation, followed by a phase of roleplayivities definitions, arriving, recently, to a phase of activities defined as applied sciences without poor link to the initial epistemic definition.Over these factual dimensions, we can analyze this evolution as the weakness of the familiarity meaningful verbalised in the national curriculum, weakness that reinforce the weakness of the TE in front of other subjects as math, literature, foreign language umteen works tried to analyse this particular proposition advance just their consultation never authenticly get out the fine sphere of TE investigators. A birthday is more than than(prenominal) the occasion to open perspective and project some ideas and the experience taught us that the coiffure of TE is more a question of social positioning through the companionship than a question of purposed activities interest.1. CURRICULUM EVOLUTION IN FRANCE The aim of this paper is to present you some aspects about(predicate) Technology Education in the French school. F rench schooling has two levels. Primary school starts at the age of triplet and lasts until the age of el charge, in three rungs the initial learning cycle (children three to five years old), the basic learning cycle (five to eight years), and the fundamental learning cycle (eight to eleven). Secondary school is divided into two main cycles nerve center school (ages eleven to fifteen) and high school (fifteen to eighteen for general education or fifteen to xix for vocational training).Technology education was habit at each of these two levels in the early eighties. 1. 1 THE FIRST CURRICULUM 1. 1. 1 nearly elements about the general background The main idea of French schooling is the progressive elaboration of the diverse school subjects. Understanding the demesne of children goes sacrifice in hand with organizing that public in different deal inledge areas, from the general view to the particular description given by the different subjects. Technology education, equiva lent that of science, history, or geography, appears as a school subject specific to the center of attention school level (Ginestie, 2001a).The second idea of French schooling is the concept of project pedagogy. The introduction of this pedagogy in the Eighties was a departure from a traditional idea that the academic and dogmatic transmittal of knowledge is the sole approach to breeding. Under the pressure of a massive rise in bod savants in pith and high schools, project pedagogy was presented as a possible solution to shock the needs of the diversity of pupils, addressing their individual needs, and collapseing pupil autonomy (Ginestie, 2002).It was in this con schoolbook, in 1985, that technology education was introduced in France as a part of science and technology education in elementary schools, as a new subject for all pupils in middle schools and as an optional subject in high schools. We can note four stages of makeup of technology education in the midst of 1985 and today. 1. 1. 2 1985-1991 the capital punishment of the first curriculum Technology education was conceived of as a new subject and took the place of MTE (manual and technical education) in terms of hours, classrooms, and teachers.The curriculum emphasized the industrial environment, leaving little room for home economics and craftsmanship (COPRET, 1984). It had two different elements that made these writes plain. On the star hand, the general part of the course describe the overall aims, background, and aims of technology education in France. The aims were in terms of pupils attitudes towards technology (as related to in many papers, e. g.de Vries, 1994 J wizards, 1997 Compton Jones, 1998 Gardner Hill, 1999 Dugger, 2000) and in terms of the social and professional world of industrial business (this idea can also be found in many papers all over the world, e. g. Kantola et al. , 1999). It mutilateered a broad perspective to prepare pupils for professional training. A t that time, the middle school became the intermediate cycle where pupils had to make their own ain plan for school, and technology education was responsible for indicating possible career choices. On the other hand, general goals were mortified down into concepts and skills.This second element of the curriculum described the organization of concepts based on four domains of fictional character mechanical look, electrical construction, and economics management and computer science. Clearly, the chosen references oriented technology education in Jacques Ginestie Analyzing Technology Education the world of industry towards electro-mechanical production, to the exclusion of other possibilities (Ginestie, 2001b). The main problem in introducing the TE curriculum has been to link the general aims to the specific fields (Sanders, 1999 Ginestie, 2004).These difficulties appeared with in-service teacher training programs. Earlier, the French Ministry of Education strongly affirmed the principle that TE was not a compendium of a little mechanics, a little electronics, and a business management with different aspects of computer science as a binder. To link these subjects together, teachers train had to connect general aims and specific concepts into an overall pedagogic project (Ginestie, 2005). Many in-service teacher training programs develop this orientation rather than aiming simply for the acquisition of specific knowledge.The implementation of technology education has not been nonplus down to the simple substitution of cooking or handicraft lessons by lessons in mechanics, but the true construction of a new world (Ginestie, 2003). Many original curriculum experiments were conducted at the same time to develop new teaching approaches (differential pedagogy, autonomous work, cooperative work, personal projects, etc. ) and to integrate the new references to industry, the market economy, and new labor organizations by taking into account the needs, design, p roduction, marketing, use, and rationale of industrial manners.The major plan was to combine the pedagogical project with a theoretical industrial project method (IPM). We can note compar fit initiatives in the UK at the same time (e. g. Hennessy Murphy 1999). 1. 2 THE CURRICULUM EVOLUTIONS 1. 2. 1 1992-1999 Introduction of the Industrial upchuck Method (IPM) At the beginning of the Nineties, IPM appeared to be a good solution for implementing TE in the middle schools. Certainly, IPM has taken an overwhelming place in TE leaving no other alternatives for organizing technology education courses.This position was made official with different additions and modifications to the initial curriculum. The main decision to use IPM was published in 1992 by the French Ministry of Education. This method throw overboards for the simultaneous definition of content and method for organizing the teaching learning touch in TE. Everything was done so that each TE teacher plans and organizes a ne w project each year for each group of pupils. 1. 2. 2 1999-2004 The second curriculum Three problems arose that reduced the role of the project in TE.First, projects were mainly single production projects without any real progression from one year to the next. Secondly, the teachers indite evolved considerably during this period, with a large increase in new graduates from the advanced technological universities. Thirdly, the union of industrial science and technique, with teachers exerting pressure to open the curriculum to new technologies and new patterns of labor organization. The implementation of the new curriculum took four years, from 1996 until 1999.These changes tried to organize the relationship between the respective roles of the project and the concepts. For the first three years of middle school, pupils have to make different modules of the whole project, but they do not have to make all of it. The teachers labour is to focus the attention of the pupils on specific points. During the last year, the pupils have to do a complete project (Ginestie, 2001c). The IPM is always a very strong frame of reference for TE in middle school (Ginestie, 2002). 1. 2. 3 2005 And so long, another change. there is actually a new phase of curriculum change. The Ministry of Education insufficiencys to promote the pupils individual choices about their future and by consequences the study they have to do. We can observe a real reduction of the TE as general and Jacques Ginestie Analyzing Technology Education pageboy 3 cultural subject. The general aspects are more and more developed as applications of sciences the general method is not the passage of design and technology but more and more the process of observation and experimentation (as we can find it in sciences education).The main knowledge properly identified as technological knowledge is banished and the first draft of this new curriculum promote the links with the scientific knowledge. The IPM is still a reference but it is more an inclination to study more than a method to use with pupils. 2. CONDITIONS OF STUDY IN TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION As we can see briefly, the TE curriculum is unstable as we can note through these major changes since the first writing.These changes are not linked with the technological evolution but mainly due to the lack of earning about the place of TE in the general systems and to the mistaking about the aims of this subject and the knowledge taught. This lack of knowledges definition is patent when we observe the twist of the curriculum. This question of knowledge is not so easy to solve. Entry through analysing the conditions of study about TEs knowledge supposes, in terms of questions for research, a strong agreement with two points o There is some thing to study in technology educationo There would be multiplex study conditions, mayhap different. These two points dont make evidence. A majority of opinion is that TE is simply a kind of mix between hand icraft activities and elements to highlight vocational training choices (Ginestie, 2000 Chatoney, 2003 Brandt-Pomares, 2003). In this posture, all the knowledge comes from sciences and TE is solely a question of activities or applications. Evidently, this kind of intromission weakens the position of TE as school subject and the recent French evolutions must be understood like this.It is the radical opposite we choose to work in our laboratory. First orientation we choose is to understand the significance of the anthropological approach. 2. 1 THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH The anthropological approach allows registering knowledge in a system of the military attain and in a social field identified. The articulation between labour and activity is partial if we do not speak about the manner to make. The manner to make relieves of the technique employed by the person to realise the task, that it is appointed by the circumstance or by him.The articulation between the task and the te chnique defines a know-how that expresses the manner to realise a determined task type (Ginestie, 1995). To get off this private organization either to account for the activity, or to clarify the manner to make, supposes the utilisation of language mediation. To distinguish the manner to make necessitate proceeding to an extraction of the individual pattern to elaborate a praxeological organisation, strong of the manner to realise the type of tasks and the context in which these tasks are registered.In fact, it concerns to give the senses in the true articulation between tasks and techniques by elaborating a field of meaning in connection with a technology, perhaps with a theory. It is this elaboration of meanings on the practice that defines, in the anthropological perspective, knowledge. This approach allows rendering account organisations of knowledge as relationships between praxis, taken in the senses of the activity oriented to finality, and a field of significations that allows referring practice to a technology and/or to a theory (Ginestie, 2001c).The epistemological entry is provoke in the nature of knowledge (well obviously in the evoked anthropological perspective above) and to the seam of a field of reference (Ginestie, 1997). Some articulations allow thinking these fields, objects to know that are fastened there and the manner of which they are or been able being, taken into account in the framework of a technology education i. The world of technical objects, their rule of existence and social organizations by and in order that these objects exist so as to register the technological education in the human and social activity fieldii. The articulations between functioning, function, structure, form in the senses of a lighting of interdependences and the different manners to describe an object iii. The articulation design, production, utilisation notably for marks given on process put at stake in each of terms, but equally, of a more global m anner, either in a specific approach on an object, or from an evolutionist viewpoint, in a perspective of an history of technical activities iv.The articulation object, activity, language in an ergonomic inscription (from the thing to the object, the object to the tool, the tool to the instrument) as revealers of the bonds between gestures and techniques, techniques and technologies. The report to techniques is thought in this framework as a demarcation the report to languages notices the elaboration of symbols (in a relationship meaning, meant) but equally tools to think the world of technical objects and to act in this world.Well obviously, this qualification of fields is a bit coarse, it needs to be specified, notably if we want to be able to read existent curricular organisations, perhaps to propose evolution of these organizations. The curricular approach is one way to understand the knowledges organizations for teaching purposes. The problem is not the transposition of praxis but the transposition of praxeological organizations. It is not difficult to ask to pupils making something, but it is difficult allowing them to construct the meaningful on what they make.Certainly, the important instability of our curriculum is based on this difficulty to elaborate this meaningful. Furthermore, the curricular entry is envisaged here as one of the stages of the didactic transposition process that the placement in text of teaching objects in an prescriptive aimed that has to organize the teaching activity, to the breadth of the production of these teaching objects in the framework of the class to elaborate some objects of study for pupils, objects of study that are going to determine activities of pupils.This placement in text defines the matter to teach and induces the manner to teach it. 2. 2 SCHOOL INSTITUTIONALIZATION We can thus notice the specification and identification work that operates in this process of scholastic institutionalisation. School institution is characterized as the placement of interactions, sure tensions, between three poles the pupil, the professor and the knowledge. As soon as we wish to describe these interactions, we are confronted with a problem of methodology, methodology that derives of course the framework in which place our study.Thus, analysing the conditions of the study is going to concern us in what the school institution puts to the study and the manner thats this study functions. This crossing of compendium rests on the articulation between task and activity o The task is significant to the knowledge put at stake in the elaborated situation by the teacher in the framework that is fixed (curricular organizations, conditions of exercises, particular constraints, etc. ) o The activity is significant to the work undertaken by the pupil to progress in the task that is appointed it by the teacher and representative of the knowledges learning process.Jacques Ginestie Analyzing Technology Education scallywag 5 It concerns to define a framework of analysis that allows looking the functioning of a teaching situation (Ginestie, 1992). The initial framework, elaborated by these analyses method, does not prejudge of o Knowledge put at stake, their heading or not and their school form o Organizations elaborated by the teacher so as to organize conditions of the study of these knowledge o Activities developed by the pupil that are induced by the organization put in game for this study.These two cross analyses, task and activity, characterize the interactions between three complementary existing logics but that can also appear as rival the logic of subject, the logic of teaching and the logic of learning. The first one follows from knowledge organisation and requires an epistemological study the second one takes in account the professional activity of the teacher considering his organisation, his style, his manner to do, the professional gestures he develops the last one can be highlight by t he learning theories, specifically the viewpoint of socio-constructivism theories.Many works have shown the incidence of these logics on the school situations and how they are inscribed in different references and different temporality. In fact, stressing these three logics in a school institution can be looked of different manners. But, for ourselves, we are really interested by what it happens in a class specifically, we try to analyze the effects produced by this placement in tension (Ginestie, 1996). On the one hand, this approach allows the identification of the organisational and structural elements that act and interact in the process of teaching-learning.In this perspective, the task appears as the preferential musing of the teachings logic. It express simultaneously what is at stake, the context in which it is situated, what it is waited and what it is necessary that the pupil makes to achieve the task. In this senses, the task is a concentrated expression of a totality of values, models, elements of theories, knowledge that base the subjects references and that identify the teacher in a teaching population. The analysis of the task is therefore significant how curriculum is implemented, in the particular intimacy of a specific class.It is equally significant activities that it induced at pupils. It is also characteristic of the epistemological, curricular, instructive or pedagogical presupposition (Ginestie, Brandt-Pomares, 1998). On the other hand, the passage to the real supposes to put in stake an analysis of the activity of the pupil. His studying of the task, the manner he has to organize its activity and to orient its actions, what it takes in consideration and what it does not see even, allow characterising his learning process.In this perspective, we can notice difficulties that he meets, the manner whose he processes them, adopted strategies and the planning of his different actions (Ginestie, Andreucci, 1999). Reading activity through the description of the task allows proceeding pupils activity with some precise characteristic elements of the task. We can value difficulties met by the pupil and identify which are relevant to the context (the formulation of the task, the organization of conditions of the study, the use of models, materials, etc.) and which notices obstacles to the learning (Amigues, Ginestie, 1991).3. SCHOOL ORGANISATION AND PUPILS WORK Organizations implemented at school, in the classroom and by the teacher have a direct influence on the work of the pupil and on the result of this work. Concerning the technology education (but it is not specific for these subject), it is important to desexualise and to define what is waited from the pupil, recourses he disposes to get there, the manner whose he gets there.Therefore, we have to understand the paygrade the Jacques Ginestie Analyzing Technology Education Page 6 nature of the goal, the manner to get there but also the b throw of the goal everything t hat allows to bring in front understanding about the process of knowledges transmission-appropriation. From this point, we are not in a curricular approach that has for object to define contents of teaching and to determine goals to reach we discuss goals fixed by the institution, their institutional pertinence, their coherence in a scholastic organization datum.Of course, the enticement is great to debate that we could have act on prescription as to reduce these gaps. The evolution of curriculum shows that this kind of actions is limited because it enters in social negotiations that the research can illuminate to defect to inspire them, even to affect them. 3. 1 TASK ANALYSE Our entry by the situations is an analytic viewpoint to render real situations of classify or in a prospective perspective to think possible evolution. For that, the crossed analysis task-activity presents a good framework.The tasks analyze gives some understanding about the placement in text (or the placemen t in word) of the object of study. This placement in text constitutes one of the last stages of the didactical transposition, stage in the course of which the teacher anticipates and executes the production of the object of study that it makes return in its class. Many indicators allow characterising some ingredients of the organisation that it counts to put in placeo The nature of knowledge that he exhibits,o The display of the result expected at the end of the sequence, o The spatial and temporal organization type that he puts in act, o The strategies that he gives to orchestrate the activity of pupils, o The different levels of evaluation on which he counts to lean (evaluation his activity, the progress of his sequence, the activity of pupils, the breach of results), o The devices of mediation and remediation that he envisages, o etc. Others indicators allow to notice explicit or implicit models that he uses for the organization of this productiono model of the logic of pupil lea rning organized around acquisition of competence spy to the breadth of significant observable behaviours versus a constructivist approach based on the elaboration of knowledge o Model of the activity of pupils according to a logic of smooth away difficulties versus a logic of opposition to obstacles o Model of the teaching organisation according to a logic of guidance of the action of the pupil versus a logic of problem-solvingo Model of the organization of knowledge references that one can caricature in a binary alternative in technology education, there is nothing to know versus there is only knowledge. The construction of these models supposes the elaboration of a strong theoretical reference by which we can predict the port of the objects of study and how they become into school organisations.Of course, we front three different viability risks one is an instant risk about whats happen with the course that is going to unfold here, at this hour, in thisclassroom, with this teac her and these pupils second is a progression risk about what happen in the duration of the class, the articulation of the different sessions and their succession trio is durability risk about the permanency of a teaching at much(prenominal) level, in such class, in such context, according to evolution, development, interaction with the other subjects as a kind of general educational ecology. Jacques Ginestie Analyzing Technology Education Page 7 . 3.2 ACTIVITY ANALYSE The analyse of the activity, as for it, tries to understand the logic of pupils in their evolution to achieve the task that is confided them and the manner of which they adapt conditions organised by the teacher. kept up(p) indicators refer directly to theories of the apprenticeship, notably through o The strategy they adopt, o The manner to organize their actions, o The manner to notice and to anticipate difficulties and to overcome them or to avoid them,o The manner to notice or not constraints imposed by the situ ation and to take into account them or no, o etc.Analysing the activity of pupils is a powerful tool that allows to notice, to qualify and to valorise gaps between what the teacher waits them, what they obtain really and the manner that they use to reach this result. It concerns, on the one hand, to give indicators of efficiency of a device concerning learning and, on the other hand, indicators on the manner to conceive plan.To adopt a criterion of efficiency of plan put in place by teachers is not easy. That supposes to place the question of the acquisition of knowledge by pupils to the heart of the educational act, what is not without consequences in TE. This challenge is important if we want to reinforce the position and the role of the TE as a general education subject. Through our French experience, but also through some related experiences in different countries, we have change of period. The first time of innovation and implementation is definitively done.Many countries know a decrease period with disaffection for TE decrease of budget, reduction of school time given to the subject. At the same time, more and more teams develop investigation in TE. May be, we have to allot the results of these investigations and to develop the support that we can provide to the teacher but also to the curriculum designers, this is our challenge to bring our contribution to TE. ICT and Education in Indonesia Harina Yuhetty I.IntroductionIn the beginning globalization is unspoiledy believed to be able to lead to greater economic development in the sense of greater market scale, which in turn go forth increase the gross national product. So people believed that poor countries or third world countries will develop faster, thus the economic gap between the rich developed countries and the third world countries will diminished. However, facts show the contrary. It is true that the gross national product of countries will increase, but the gap between the income of the ric h and poor countries is also getting wider.The main reason for this gap is the extra-ordinary growth of learning as a result of the development of communications and information technologies in northern developed countries which have full control of these technologies. This information boom enables multinational companies to compete with changes in market demands, new products and new technologies, which in turn can boost the economy of a country, increase its efficiency and win global dominance.On the other hand, in third world countries which are also known as southern cerebral hemisphere countries, they have difficulties to seek, to receive, to process and to produce information. The lack of appropriate information at the right time will result in low productivity, low quality research works, and waste of time to pursue information and even to do research which actually had been done by others or in other countries.Indonesia as a third world country has a great concern over this deficiency and believe that the digital divide should be reduced so that there will be an economic recovery. The Indonesian government is determined to utilize the information technology effectively to support efforts to increase the national fight. This aspiration is reflected in the Indonesian Presidential Decree Number 50 year 2000 about the establishment of the Coordination police squad of Telemathics of Indonesia. This team consists of all the ministers in the cabinet including the Minister of Education.Its tasks are among others to define the government policy in the area of telemathics to decide the phases and priorities of development in the area of telemathics and its uses in Indonesia to monitor and control the implementation of telemathics in Indonesia and to report the development of telemathics in Indonesia to the President. The government realizes that the success of the development and utilization of telemathics depends mostly on the substructure which can provide easy access, and also ensure availability of information and subjects.To meet these three provisions, a competent human resources is a necessity. That is why the preparation of qualified human resources is given priority, because it requires hard work and takes time. Meanwhile, we also know that scarcity of and low quality human resources in the area of schooling and communications Technologies can delay mastery of communication and information technology. As such, the government through the Minister of readiness of State Apparatus as Head of the Coordination Team of Telemathics of Indonesia in his letter number 133/M.PAN/5/2001 had drawn up a Five-Year Action Plan for the break-dancement and Implementation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Indonesia. This plan among others includes a plan for the implementation of the use of telemathics in the area of education starting from 2001 until 2005, which includes * Develop collaboration between ICT industry and IC T educational institutions through training and R D collaboration, and found a network for skill and capacity development * Develop and implement Curricula of ICT.* Use ICTs as an essential part of the curricula and learning tools in schools/universities and training centers * Establish distance education programs including participation in Global ripening Learning and other networks * Facilitate the use of internet for more efficient teaching and learning From this action plan we can see that the emphasis of human resources quality improvement is especially geared on the provision and expansion of education of human resources in ICT area.Besides that, utilization of ICT for education and learning purposes, as an effort to fill digital divide, which in turn is hoped to be able to improve the national competitiveness to revive the economy is another emphase. II. ICT in Indonesia As mentioned above, the success of utilization of ICT is among others depends on the infrastructure whic h includes the telecom network, the availability of internet facilities and the use of internet.In general the development of ICT in Indonesia nowadays is less support compared to the developed countries, or even compared to neighboring countries such as Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand and others. To give a general drawing of the ICT condition in Indonesia let us consider the data quoted from the Center for Research and Application of Information and Electronic Technologies of the Office for the Research and Application of Technologies, 2001 as follows.A. Public retrieve Lines for 203,456,005 populace 1. The number of Telephone kiosks 228,862 2. The number of Telephone booths 345,307 3. Telephone patrons 6,304,798 B. Internet 1. Internet Service Providers 40 2. General Access vivify rate of ISPs 15 KBPS 3. Patrons of ISPs 511,000 with 1,980,000 users ( 1% of Indonesian population).